Category:OCR A level Biology
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Module 1 Biology Foundation
Cell structure
Cell structure, tissues and organs, Eukaryotic cells, Prokaryotic cells, Organelles,
Biological Molecules
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Water, Inorganic ions,
Enzymes
Genetic control of protein structure and function
Nuclear division
Nuclei replication and division, Mitosis, Reduction division in sexual reproduction,
Energy and ecosystems
Energy transfer through an ecosystem, Nitrogen cycle,
Module 2 Human health and disease
Introduction to health and disease
Health and disease, Disease distribution,
Diet
Balanced diet, Energy and nutrient requirements, Essential nutrients, Malnutrition, Diet and coronary heart disease,
Gaseous exchange
Gaseous exchange system, Exercise and its consequences,
Smoking and disease
Smoking and its effects, Smoking prevention and cure,
Infectious diseases
Cholera, Malaria, Tuberculosis (TB), AIDS, Antibiotics,
Immunity
Immune system, Vaccination and controlling disease,
Module 3 Transport
The mammalian transport system
Transport system in multicellular animals, Transport in mammals,
The mammalian heart
Transport in multicellular plants
Transport system in multicellular plants,
Module 4 Central concepts
Energy and respiration
Energy in living organisms, Respiration as an energy transfer process, Aerobic respiration, Anaerobic respiration,
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis as an energy transfer process,
Populations and interactions
Ecosystems are dynamic and subject to change, Effect of human activities on the environment, Management of an ecosystem to provide resources,
Meiosis, genetics and gene control
Replication and division of nuclei, Meiosis and chromosome behaviour, Meiosis on variation, Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, Effects of mutation and environment on the phenotype, Regulation of protein synthesis, Human Genome Project,
Classification, selection and evolution
Features of the five Kingdoms, Classifying organisms, Species, Populations, variation and evolution, Natural and artificial selection, Structural and physiological adaptations of organisms to their environment,
Control, Coordination and Homeostasis
Homeostasis, Excretion, Control of water and metabolic wastes, Nervous and hormonal communication, Response to changes in the external environment, Regulation of the internal environment, Communication and control in flowering plants Plant growth regulators,
Module 5, Component 1: Growth, development and reproduction
Growth and development
Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction, Artificial propagation, Cloning,
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
Flower structure and pollination, Fertilisation, Changes after fertilisation leading to the development of the seed and fruit, Germination,
Sexual reproduction in humans
Male and female urinogenital systems, Gametogenesis, Fertilisation, Early development,
Control of growth and reproduction
Genetic and environmental factors involved, Plant growth regulators, Seed dormancy, Roles of hormones in mammals,
Module 5, Component 2: Application of genetics
Variation
Mutations, Genotype and environment effects on phenotype Interaction between loci, Linkage and crossing-over,
Selective breeding
Selective breeding, Progeny testing, Artificial insemination, Embryo transplantation, Social and ethical implications of these techniques,
Genetic diversity
Inbreeding, Need to maintain genetic resources, Resistance development,
Genetic engineering
Recombinant DNA, Modification of organisms by genetic engineering, Ethical implications of genetic engineering,
Human genetics
Genetic disorders in humans, Genetic screening and genetic counselling, Gene therapy and its possible benefits and hazards, Genetic fingerprinting and its uses, Genetic constitution for tissue compatibility in transplant surgery,
Module 5, Component 3: Environmental biology
Ecological fieldwork
Abiotic factors in the environment, Animal and plant populations, Statistical analysis,
Pollution
Water pollution, Air pollution, Indicator species, Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and the ozone layer,
Agriculture and the environment
Biosocial implications of intensive food production, Organic farming, Biological pest control,
Conservation of resources
Conservation Fisheries, Land reclamation, Recycling,
Conservation issues
National conservation issues, International conservation issues,
Module 5, Component 4: Microbiology and Biotechnology
Microbiology
Viruses, Prokayotae, Protoctista, Fungi, Bacteriophage structure and life cycle, Retrovirus structure and life cycle, Escherichia coli structure and asexual reproduction, Gram staining as a method of the primary identification of bacteria,
Techniques used in microbiology and cell culture
Culturing microorganisms and plant cells, In vitro growth requirements of bacteria, fungi and plant cells, Preparation and growth of microorganisms and plant cells, Aseptic techniques, Specialist laboratory requirements,
Large scale production
Batch and continuous culture of microorganisms, Large-scale production methods, Problems associated with large-scale production,
Biotechnology in food production
Production of novel genomes, Microorganisms and enzymes in food production, Microorganisms as a food source, Social, economic, ethical and environmental implications,
Biotechnology in medicine
Biosensors, Monoclonal antibodies and their applications, Proteins of medical importance, Benefits and hazards of genetic engineering,
Biotechnology in industry and public health
Immobilised enzymes and their use in industry, Biogas and gasohol, Treatment of domestic and industrial waste,
Module 5, Component 4: Mammalian Physiology and Behaviour
Mammalian nutrition
Heterotrophic nutrition, Human gut and associated organs, Digestion and absorption, Nervous and hormonal control of digestion,
The liver
Liver, theross structure and histology, Metabolism, Metabolism of alcohol and the long-term consequences of excessive consumption,
Support and locomotion
Skeletal system and movement, Histology of bone, cartilage and striated muscle, Muscle contraction, Ageing,
The nervous system
Organisation of the mammalian nervous system, Roles of the autonomic nervous system, Brain structure and function, Alzheimer’s disease as an example of brain malfunction,
Sense organs and the reception of stimuli
Eye, Effects of ageing on the eye, Ear,
Behaviour
Innate behaviour in mammals, Learned behaviour,
Articles in category "OCR A level Biology"
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