Category:A level Biology

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AQA A level Biology

Edexcel A level Biology

OCR A level Biology

Biology Foundation

Cell structure

Cell structure, tissues and organs, Eukaryotic cells, Prokaryotic cells, Organelles,

Biological Molecules

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Water, Inorganic ions,

Enzymes

Enzymes,

Genetic control of protein structure and function

DNA, RNA, Gene manipulation,

Nuclear division

Nuclei replication and division, Mitosis, Reduction division in sexual reproduction,

Energy and ecosystems

Energy transfer through an ecosystem, Nitrogen cycle,

Human health and disease

Introduction to health and disease

Health and disease, Disease distribution,

Diet

Balanced diet, Energy and nutrient requirements, Essential nutrients, Malnutrition, Diet and coronary heart disease,

Gaseous exchange

Gaseous exchange system, Exercise and its consequences,

Smoking and disease

Smoking and its effects, Smoking prevention and cure,

Infectious diseases

Cholera, Malaria, Tuberculosis (TB), AIDS, Antibiotics,

Immunity

Immune system, Vaccination and controlling disease,

Transport

The mammalian transport system

Transport system in multicellular animals, Transport in mammals,

The mammalian heart

Heart (mammalian),

Transport in multicellular plants

Transport system in multicellular plants,

Central concepts

Energy and respiration

Energy in living organisms, Respiration as an energy transfer process, Aerobic respiration, Anaerobic respiration,

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis as an energy transfer process,

Populations and interactions

Ecosystems are dynamic and subject to change, Effect of human activities on the environment, Management of an ecosystem to provide resources,

Meiosis, genetics and gene control

Replication and division of nuclei, Meiosis and chromosome behaviour, Meiosis on variation, Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, Effects of mutation and environment on the phenotype, Regulation of protein synthesis, Human Genome Project,

Classification, selection and evolution

Features of the five Kingdoms, Classifying organisms, Species, Populations, variation and evolution, Natural and artificial selection, Structural and physiological adaptations of organisms to their environment,

Control, Coordination and Homeostasis

Homeostasis, Excretion, Control of water and metabolic wastes, Nervous and hormonal communication, Response to changes in the external environment, Regulation of the internal environment, Communication and control in flowering plants Plant growth regulators,

Growth, development and reproduction

Growth and development

Growth, Development,

Asexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction, Artificial propagation, Cloning,

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants

Flower structure and pollination, Fertilisation, Changes after fertilisation leading to the development of the seed and fruit, Germination,

Sexual reproduction in humans

Male and female urinogenital systems, Gametogenesis, Fertilisation, Early development,

Control of growth and reproduction

Genetic and environmental factors involved, Plant growth regulators, Seed dormancy, Roles of hormones in mammals,

Application of genetics

Variation

Mutations, Genotype and environment effects on phenotype Interaction between loci, Linkage and crossing-over,

Selective breeding

Selective breeding, Progeny testing, Artificial insemination, Embryo transplantation, Social and ethical implications of these techniques,

Genetic diversity

Inbreeding, Need to maintain genetic resources, Resistance development,

Genetic engineering

Recombinant DNA, Modification of organisms by genetic engineering, Ethical implications of genetic engineering,

Human genetics

Genetic disorders in humans, Genetic screening and genetic counselling, Gene therapy and its possible benefits and hazards, Genetic fingerprinting and its uses, Genetic constitution for tissue compatibility in transplant surgery,

Environmental biology

Ecological fieldwork

Abiotic factors in the environment, Animal and plant populations, Statistical analysis,

Pollution

Water pollution, Air pollution, Indicator species, Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and the ozone layer,

Agriculture and the environment

Biosocial implications of intensive food production, Organic farming, Biological pest control,

Conservation of resources

Conservation Fisheries, Land reclamation, Recycling,

Conservation issues

National conservation issues, International conservation issues,

Microbiology and Biotechnology

Microbiology

Viruses, Prokayotae, Protoctista, Fungi, Bacteriophage structure and life cycle, Retrovirus structure and life cycle, Escherichia coli structure and asexual reproduction, Gram staining as a method of the primary identification of bacteria,

Techniques used in microbiology and cell culture

Culturing microorganisms and plant cells, In vitro growth requirements of bacteria, fungi and plant cells, Preparation and growth of microorganisms and plant cells, Aseptic techniques, Specialist laboratory requirements,

Large scale production

Batch and continuous culture of microorganisms, Large-scale production methods, Problems associated with large-scale production,

Biotechnology in food production

Production of novel genomes, Microorganisms and enzymes in food production, Microorganisms as a food source, Social, economic, ethical and environmental implications,

Biotechnology in medicine

Biosensors, Monoclonal antibodies and their applications, Proteins of medical importance, Benefits and hazards of genetic engineering,

Biotechnology in industry and public health

Immobilised enzymes and their use in industry, Biogas and gasohol, Treatment of domestic and industrial waste,

Mammalian Physiology and Behaviour

Mammalian nutrition

Heterotrophic nutrition, Human gut and associated organs, Digestion and absorption, Nervous and hormonal control of digestion,

The liver

Liver, theross structure and histology, Metabolism, Metabolism of alcohol and the long-term consequences of excessive consumption,

Support and locomotion

Skeletal system and movement, Histology of bone, cartilage and striated muscle, Muscle contraction, Ageing,

The nervous system

Organisation of the mammalian nervous system, Roles of the autonomic nervous system, Brain structure and function, Alzheimer’s disease as an example of brain malfunction,

Sense organs and the reception of stimuli

Eye, Effects of ageing on the eye, Ear,

Behaviour

Innate behaviour in mammals, Learned behaviour,

Articles in category "A level Biology"

There are 166 articles in this category.